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Haematological alterations induced by cyclophosphamide administration in albino rats

Deepshikha Samdershi*, Aman Kumar & Suhasini Besra
University Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Received : 16th January, 2022 ; Revised : 17th February, 2022

Abstract– In spite of having broad therapeutic efficacy against different types of cancer and immune related conditions, cyclophosphamide has been reported to exert toxic effects on the healthy cells with high proliferation rate. In this study, an effort has been made to investigate probable toxic effects of cyclophosphamide treatment on the functioning of bone marrow, expressed in terms of haematological changes. Experimental animals, male albino rats with average body weight of 150- 160 g were randomly divided into two groups (n= 5 in each). Vehicle control group (I) rats were treated with distilled water, whereas CYP- treated group (II) rats were intraperitoneally administered with single dose of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg body weight) on day 1 of the experiment. On 7th day, blood collected from rats of each group were analysed for various haematological parameters using automated haematology analyser. Data obtained were statistically analysed using Student’s t- test. Single dose administration of cyclophosphamide resulted in a significant reduction in RBC count (p<0.01), haemoglobin (p<0.001), total WBC count (p<0.001), platelets (p<0.001), percent count of lymphocytes, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC as compared to non- treated group (I) rats (p<0.01). There was a decrease in percent count of neutrophil in rats of group II, but the change was not significant as compared to group I. Cyclophosphamide induced reduction in all types of blood cells and red cell indices can be attributed to its inhibiting effect on bone marrow activity, resulting in pancytopenia, erythrocytopenia, anaemia, panleucopenia and thrombocytopenia. So, monitoring of haematological parameters is advised for patients undergoing chemotherapy.

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