Amit Kumar Solankia* & Brajbhushan Prasad Singhb
aDepartment of Zoology, J. P. University, Chapra, Bihar, India
bP. R. College, Sonpur, Saran, Bihar, India
Received : 15th January, 2025 ; Revised : 15th February, 2025
DOI:-https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16065016
Abstract– The present study investigates the hydrobiological characteristics of the Gandak River at Sonpur, Bihar, India, over a 12-month period from August 2019 to September 2020. Monthly water samples were collected and analyzed for key physical and chemical parameters, including temperature, turbidity, pH, total hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity, phosphate, iron, free chlorine, and ammonia. The observed values were compared with standard limits prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to evaluate the river’s water quality and pollution status. Results indicated that water temperature reached a maximum of 32.2°C in July 2020, turbidity peaked at 28 NTU in September 2020, and conductivity was highest (188 μS/cm) in December 2019. The pH remained above 7 throughout the study, with the highest values recorded during winter. Maximum total hardness (275 mg/L) and TDS (86 mg/L) were observed in August and December 2020, respectively. Dissolved oxygen peaked at 9.0 mg/L in November 2020, while ammonia levels reached up to 0.5 mg/L during several months. Free chlorine concentrations were highest (2.0 mg/ L) in August 2019 and September 2020. Notably, phosphate was not detected in any samples. The overall findings reflect seasonal variations in water quality, with most parameters remaining within permissible limits, indicating moderately healthy conditions for aquatic life.
Keywords: hydrobiological, total dissolved solids, Gandak River, phosphate, iron, free chlorine, and ammonia.
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