Ramesh Kumari Dasgupta*, Pabitra Maity, Sipra Sarkar Banerjee, Moumita Singha, Nilesh Kumar Paul & Sougata Kumar Mondal
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Received : 06th December, 2024 ; Revised : 06th January, 2025
DOI:-https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15874028
Abstract– There are several ways by which resistance develops in bacteria for antimicrobial drugs and antibiotics. The primary reason for antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance is the efflux pump mechanism. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria both have these pumps. These pumps are also linked with the multiple drug resistance (MDR). Efflux pump pumps are the transport proteins and function in bacteria by expelling foreign material outside the bacterial cell and leading to decreased concentration of antibiotic in the cell. Therefore, to increase the usefulness of antibiotics, new compounds are discovered, that can inhibit the efflux pumps and increase the concentration of antibiotics inside the cells. These efflux pumps inhibitors are known as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). Efflux pump inhibitors can be isolated from natural sources (plants) and can be synthesized. EPIs are an important procedure to get rid of antibiotic resistance. In this article, we discuss the different EPIs and their mechanism of action.
Keywords: Efflux Pump, Antibiotics, Synthetic, Resistance, Inhibitors, Pathogens
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