Anjulata Singh*
TERI School of Advanced Studies & The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.
Received : 25th January, 2025 ; Revised : 27th February, 2025
DOI:-https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16613248
Abstract– For maximum productivity, rice, a staple food for a large percentage of the world’s population, needs a lot of nitrogen input. The present dependence on artificial nitrogen fertilizers is a contributing factor to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental contamination. A sustainable substitute is rice that has been bioengineered to form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. By introducing important genes from legumes, this study tackles the problem of engineering the nodulation pathway in rice. Nodulation-specific transcription factor (TF) genes from Medicago truncatula were introduced into rice (Oryza sativa) as part of the study. This was accomplished by expressing nodulation-specific TFs genes using transformation techniques. Root hair deformation and colonization in response to Nod factors or rhizobial inoculation were used to assess the transgenic rice plants’ capacity to initiate early symbiotic responses. The ability to start early symbiotic responses was shown by the modified rice plants that expressed genes for TFs specific to nodulation derived from legumes. The development of a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis depends on these reactions. Additionally, the study verified that transgenes were expressed in the engineered plants’ roots. The development of nitrogen-fixing cereal crops, which could lessen the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and encourage sustainable farming methods, is made possible in large part by this research. Further studies to improve the nitrogen-fixation process in rice and other cereals are made possible by the successful introduction and expression of nodulation genes in rice.
Keywords: Rice, nitrogen fixation, bioengineering, root hair deformation, S. meliloti
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