Dwivedi Krishna*, Saurav Nilesh & Kanthi Amit
Department of Yoga and Life Science, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bangalore, India
Received : 18th May, 2024 ; Revised : 10th June, 2024
DOI:-https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15077455
Abstract– Breathing practices are rooted in ancient traditions such as yoga, tai chi, and qigong, and are increasingly recognized for their potential to enhance cognitive functions through neurobiological mechanisms. It influences the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) by modulating Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA), both markers of autonomic balance and stress resilience. Enhanced vagal tone is associated with improved HRV and RSA which correlates with better attention, emotion regulation, and executive functions. Neuroplasticity and neurogenesis are also influenced by breathing practices. These processes are supported by increased levels of Brain- Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which are linked to enhanced cognitive functions. Functional neuroimaging studies, such as fMRI and EEG, reveal that controlled breathing activates brain regions crucial for cognitive control, emotion regulation, and attention, including the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Clinical studies support the cognitive benefits of regular breathing practices, showing improvements in attention, memory, and executive function across diverse populations, including healthy individuals and those with cognitive impairments. The findings underscore the potential of breathing practices as non-pharmacological interventions to enhance cognitive functions and mitigate agerelated cognitive decline. This review bridges the gap between ancient practices and modern neuroscience, offering evidence-based insights into the cognitive benefits of conscious breathing and its applications in clinical settings.
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