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Genetic divergence and phylogenetic analysis of fish digestive enzymes in carnivores, herbivores and omnivores

Aakanchhaa, Aniket Kb, R.K. Guptac, Arvind Kumard, Sindhuprava Ranad, Khushbu Kumarie& G. B. Chande*
aDepartment of Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India.
bDepartment of Biochemistry, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India
cDepartment of Biotechnology, T.M.B. University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
dDepartment of Bioinformatics, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, M.P, India.
eDepartment of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India.
Received : 18th December, 2019 ; Revised : 29th January, 2020

Abstract: The present study has been designed to understand the dynamics of physiology of digestion in carnivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous fishes by assessing the activity of different digestive enzymes (lipase, amylase and trypsin) and gastric (pepsin). The assessment of the activity of digestive enzymes showed that enzymes involved in the digestion of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates were present in all the three groups of fishes with three different feeding habits. In the present study, we
collected all enzymatic nucleotide sequences from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Further multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic relationship was established by using Clustal W software for considering the ontogenetic development of the digestive enzymes. Our results support the divergence of developing gastric gland and pancreatic gland. In carnivores lipase enzyme is more prominently active in comparison to herbivores and omnivores. Similarly, pepsin and trypsin
are moderately active while amylase is less active in carnivore due to less consumption of carbohydrate rich feeding habit with respect to herbivores and omnivores. Considering the functional development of the digestive system in these fishes, the findings of the present study will be useful to improve the actual larval rearing techniques for different fish species from the Indian sub-continent. It will raise the status of aquaculture sector in India.

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